Gates Package — page 533

• In a collaborative effort with NICHD, FIC is working to obtain clinical outcome results of an experimental Vi-conjugate vaccine and to produce a human sera reference standard to be used to accelerate the development of commercialized Vi-conjugate vaccines ($586K). • FIC's director, Roger Glass, who has worked extensively in India on a rotavirus vaccine as part of the Indo-U.S. Vaccine Action program, which began at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and with the support of NIAID in preparing the first pilot lots, credits project funding from the BMGF in 2000 to its ultimate success and the recent licensing of the vaccine in India. The rotavirus vaccine was developed in India, with an Indian seed strain of virus, an Indian company, Bharat, clinical trials in India, and support from the government of India and the Gates foundation, with long term input from CDC and NIH. 5. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is working on human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and screening through the Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and the GAVI Alliance. 6. The Population Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART), which is funded primarily by PEPFAR and administered by OGAC, ($~103M), is also co-funded by the BMGF (~15M), NIAID ($~12M), NIMH ($~2.3M) and NIDA ($~2.1M). The study, which will involve 21 communities in South Africa and Zambia, builds on the results of the NIAID-funded HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052, which found that HIV-infected individuals who start treatment early dramatically reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to their partners. PopART aims to assess whether house-to-house voluntary HIV testing and prompt treatment of HIV infection, along with other proven HIV prevention measures, can substantially reduce population-level HIV incidence.