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threats so that effective response actions can be initiated. The approaches taken for broad-spectrum applications and platforms in advanced development could expand into technologies or capabilities for surveillance needs. Performance of these surveillance and diagnostic technologies centers must filter back to the material developers to permit continuous improvement in these technologies. Once an etiology is identified, we must respond with highly effective deployment of the Emergency Public Health Supplies (vaccines, diagnostic tests, drugs and other medical devices and treatments such as ECMO) from publicly held stockpiles, or through enhanced supply mechanisms. Feedback on the success and failures in these deployments must translate back to the appropriate level of this product development enterprise to solve identified issues - thus recalibrating the product for optimized end use.