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Gates Package, p.1151 · gates:exh:00561
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Page 95, line 2. I don't think it's true that SARS-CoV-2 usually only stays in the air for seconds or a
minute. It depends on all sorts of things from droplet sizes, airflow, temp, humidity, etc., but in many if
not most cases, it is surely much longer than that.
Page 96, para 4, line 1, airflow and ventilation do matter, and especially in the context of crowds.
Page 98, para 4, here it is good to remember that 8 years later, many around the world sought to
control pandemic flu with masking. In fact, the issue of masking goes back to the late 1800s as a
method of TB control, and leather masks (probably minimally effective, if at all) were used during plague
and other epidemics in the Middle Ages.
Page 100, bottom para: here as above, a chance to discuss the advantages of N95 masks and why are
they not used universally? Same at the top of page 101.
Page 101, see above. Parenthetically there is a great color photo of a group of masked men and women
standing on a California train platform during the flu pandemic in early 1919. One woman wears a
placard saying something like mask or go to jail or be fined, or something to that effect.
Chapter 5
Page 109, line 1 and elsewhere: isn't the preferred abbreviation MAbs? Maybe there are several
accepted abbreviations, but that's the one I've been seeing for 40 years.
Page 111: might be worth mentioning combination antivirals as well as screening of single new
compounds. HIV is an obvious example, mentioned here, but it may be that antiviral combos that hit
the virus at different stages of the infection cycle will turn up successes missed by single drug screening.
Page 119: Re the Lind trial, there is a clinical trial of sorts mentioned in the Book of Daniel, written circa
100-200 BCE but describing events 400 years earlier.
Page 120, line 1: a reference for this ethics work might be good
Page 120, para 2: it might be worth pointing out that in addition to drugs to treat new pathogens there
may also be drugs (the same ones or different ones) to prevent infection or symptoms from new
pathogens. Some immune serums have this property and probably monoclonal antibody cocktails for
many new pathogens will as well.
Page 121, line 3: regarding the above, finding and testing drugs for prophylactic rather than treatment
use is sometimes, in some ways, easier.
Page 125, top para, the mention of the HIV drug cocktail again brings up the issues alluded to in
comments above.
Page 126. Para 2: that's not the only way to make MAbs. In the 1980s, before human MAbs, they were
made in mouse secretor cells, and in vitro development without human materials still could be done.
Chapter 6.