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mRNA vaccines work mRNA (messenger RNA): genetic material that carries the directions for making certain proteins to the factories in your cells where the proteins will be assembled. mRNA vaccines work by introducing mRNA that teaches your cells to make shapes that match shapes on a given virus, triggering your immune system to produce antibodies against that virus. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): a form of treatment for some diseases. mAbs are antibodies that have been isolated from a patient's blood or designed in a lab and then cloned billions of times to create a treatment for someone who has been infected. Pathogen: an organism that causes disease. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites are examples of pathogens. Transmission blocker: a new type of drug that could be used together with vaccines to protect people completely from infection, preventing breakthrough cases. Transmission blockers are still in development. WHO: the World Health Organization, the United Nations agency that's responsible for international public health.