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many COVID vaccines still in the fective so far, other ce they might provide a n referred to by some as the themselves to get immediate »edle patches, for example, would to adjust their strategies based on what the data says will be most effective in the place where they're working. Keep working on backup vaccines. There are many COVID vaccines still in the pipeline. We should continue developing them if they have a chance of protecting people for longer, reducing the number of breakthrough infections, or attacking parts of the virus that aren't likely to change in future variants. Although mRNAna vaccines have proven to be the most effective so far, other platforms such as nanoparticles, virus-like particles (VLPs) and vectorexpressed immunogens should also be pursued, since they might provide a vaccine that's better in one of these areas. And even though during 2022 volume of supply won't be the problem that it was before, the world still needs to expand its manufacturing capability so we can provide improved versions to everyone and be ready for the next pandemic. At the same time, we need to invest in four goals that will let us stop future outbreaks before they infect so many people: Develop novel vaccines that fully protect against entire families of viruses particularly respiratory viruses. These universal vaccines hold a lot of promise--including the prospect of eliminating the flu and the entire family of coronaviruses from humans. The has been referred to by some as the "prototype pathogen" approach to vaccine development. Create transmission blockers that people can give themselves to get immediate protection from a respiratory pathogen. Make it easier to deliver vaccines. Micro-needle patches, for example, would