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the child's blood. The samples were stored safely and would later be tested for viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungal pathogens, including HIV, TB, and malaria. It was over in just a few minutes. Throughout the entire procedure, the medical team treated the boy's body with great respect and care. <~?~Insert art 015_Gate_9780593534489_art_r1> This photo is from 2016, when I visited the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance network in Soweto, South Africa. The parents were informed confidentially of the results. I never met them, but I hope they got some answers about what happened to their son, as well as a small measure of solace from the fact that their decision to participate in CHAMPS contributed meaningfully to the world's efforts to save children like their son. Today, data on more than 8,700 cases from the CHAMPS network is giving researchers valuable insights into child mortality. The minimally invasive autopsy, and the systemic improvements that Mozambique and other countries are making, are deepening our understanding of why people die. We need to expand these innovative approaches to understand even better how we can intervene to save lives. *** Most people will never take a monthly household survey about births and deaths or, thankfully, have anything to do with a CHAMPS-type network. But in COVID, and in major outbreaks in the future, we want to sample the community to find out how many asymptomatic or unreported cases of sickness are out there. The field of diagnostics is rife with innovation to make the