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yecific biomarkers in yoint of care methods to NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH) - BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION (BMGF) ACTIVE FUNDED PARTNERSHIPS IN GLOBAL HEALTH 1. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), which leverages the resources of the NIH with the public and private sectors, has the following initiatives. • Global Health o Grand Challenges in Global Health (GCGH) aims to create "deliverable technologies" - health tools that are not only effective, but also inexpensive to produce, easy to distribute, and simple to use in developing countries ($201M; 2003-2015). o Vector-Based Control of Transmission: Discovery Research (VCTR) aims to extend GCGH research and establish a pipeline of innovative new tools that will be safe, easily deployed, effective, and sustainable for use in the control of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue ($52M; 2009-2016). o Etiology, Risk Factors & Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health & Development (MAL-ED) aims to understand the interactions between enteric infections and malnutrition in association with poor health outcomes, including physical growth, cognitive development deficits, and poor immunological responses to childhood vaccines, in order to design better intervention strategies ($40M; 2008-2014) (Partner: Fogarty International Center (FIC). o Identification of High-Quality HITs for Tuberculosis (HIT-TB) aims to produce highquality chemical hit series with defined, tractable targets as drug leads for tuberculosis ($2.9M; 2010-2013) (Partner: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). o Rapid Identification of Individuals with Viable Adult Worms of Onchocerca volvulus: A Means to an End (pending) aims to identify host and parasite specific biomarkers in human subjects of adult female O. volvulus and develop rapid point of care methods to detect these biomarkers ($1.5M; 2013-2015) (Partner: NIAID). • Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) o T-Cell Vaccine Immune Monitoring Consortium (CTC-VIMC) provides standardized T cell assays for both non-human primate and clinical vaccine trials and facilitates comparison of efficacy data from different vaccine development efforts across the CAVD ($50M; 2006-2016) (Partner: NIH). o Centralized Envelope Comparative Immunogenicity Phase I Study (CECI) aims to understand how best to design T-cell immunogens in order to develop a vaccine that addresses the broad genetic diversity of HIV-1 ($4.5M; 2009-2014) (Partner: NIAID). o Development of a Second Generation Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Product to Prevent HIV-1 Infection aims to develop a second generation broadly neutralizing antibody product to prevent HIV-1 infection, with improved potency and longer half-life ($1.2; 2011-2016) (Partner: NIAID).